Fennel (medicinal or Florentine, fennel, Foeniculum)

FENNEL medicinal or Florentine, fennel, Foeniculum vulgare (F VII), a perennial herbaceous plant of the umbellifer family (Umbelliferae), cultivated as a biennial and annual. The root is fleshy, taproot. The stem is cylindrical, branched above, 1 to 2 m in height. The smell is characteristic, aromatic, the taste is sweet-spicy. In the wild state, fennel grows along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea; it is found in the USSR along the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas, however, all the goods circulating in the markets are collected from the cultivated plant in 1939. Table of nodes, or ganglia (ganglia). ! Names and synonyms Location Where it gets fibers Where it sends fibers In which article is it covered 1 I Gangl. Arnoldi 2 i Gangl. basale See gangl. cardiacum medium, oticum, splanchnicum Located in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres under the cortex Gangl. Bidderi Autonomic node of the heart, unpaired, located at the border of the atrium and ventricle Gangl. cardiacum, i Unpaired, located on the s. Wrisbergi O ! Gangl. cardiacum I medium, Arnoldi convex edge of the aortic arch in plexus cardiacus superficialis Located in the trunk of n. cardiac. mod.; non-communicating From the periphery and from the cerebral cortex through thalamus opticus Receives fibers from plexus cardiacus From gangl. sympath. cervicale superius From gangl. cervicale medium Connected with the anterior horns of the spinal cord by extrapyramidal fibers (fasc. rubro-spinalis, tecto-spinalis, etc.) Sends fibers to the heart muscle To the heart muscle and to the autonomic nodes of the heart in I Gangl. cardiacum ;

superius 7 i Gangl. caroticum 8 i Gangl. cervicale i

inferius Gangl., cervicale mediale, Gangl. cervicale superius, Gangl. ciliare, syn. ciliary ganglion, Gangl. coccygeum, Gangl. coeliacum. Lies in the trunk of n. cardiac. sup.; inconstant gangl. cervicale superius. Lies on the second bend of a. carotis interna. Sympath. ganglion of the cervical region of the boundary trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C_VI. Sympath. ganglion of the cervical-thoracic region of the boundary trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C_IV-V; inconstant. From gangl. cervicale superius through plexus caroticus internus. Rami communicantes from nucl. sympathicus later. super. in the spinal cord. Sympath. ganglion of the cervical region of the boundary trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of C_II-IV. Lie on the inner surface of n. optici; parasympathetic ganglion. Unpaired ganglion of the coccygeal region of the boundary sympath. trunk, lies along the anterior surface of the vertebrae. Vegetative ganglion. On the left lies on the aorta, on the right between the teeth of the diaphragm. From the junction of both ganglia, gangl. solare is formed. From the nuclei of Perlia and Edinger-Westphal (in the cerebral peduncle), running as part of n. oculomotorii. Both boundary sympath. trunks terminate in it. Receives fibers from n. vagus and from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the boundary sympath. trunk. To vegetative ganglia in the cranial cavity. For vessels and organs in the cranial cavity, in the neck, and in the thoracic cavity. For vessels and organs of the neck and thoracic cavity. For vessels and organs of the cranial cavity, neck, and thoracic cavity. To smooth muscles of the eye - m. sphincter pupillae et m. ciliaris. Nasal ganglia, extrapyramidal system. Heart. Heart, Wrisberg's ganglion, Autonomic nervous system. Heart. Autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. Oculomotorius nervus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, Cerebral peduncles. To the organs and vessels of the lesser pelvis. Forms the basis of plexus coeliaci. Autonomic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system, Stomach. Name and synonyms. Location. Where it receives fibers from. Where it sends fibers to. In which article covered. Gangl. commune. Gangl. Gasseri, s. semilunare. Gangl. geniculi. Gangl. habenulae Meynert'a, s. nucleus habenulae. Gangl. interpedunculare. Gangl. intervertebrale, s. spinale; intervertebral ganglion. Gangl. jugulare; jugular ganglion. Gangl. Keith-Flack'a: sinus node. Gangl. Ludwig'a. Gangl. lumbalia. Gangl. mesentericum superius. Gangl. mesentericum inferius. Gangl. nodosum, s. plexiforme. Gangl. opticum basale Meynert'a, s. nucl. supraopticus Lenhossek'a. Exists in the embryo, lies at the border of the brain plate and the corneal layer. Lies on the wing of the sphenoid bone of the skull in cavum Meckelii. Lies in the Fallopian canal in the middle ear. Divides into gangl. spinale and gangl. sympathicum. Relates to n. trigeminus. Located in the brain (diencephalon) in trigonum habenulae. Lies in the posterior part of substantiae perforatae post. (well developed in animals). Lies in the corresponding intervertebral foramen. Lies inside the skull at foramen jugulare. Lies between the venae cavae and the atrium. Lies in septum atriorum of the heart. Sympath. ganglia of the lumbar region of the boundary trunk: 4-5 in number lie on the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebrae. Unpaired, lies on the right lower side of the origin of a. mesenter. sup. Lies on the lower side of a. mesenter. inf., in the plexus of this artery. Lies downwards from foramen jugulare of the skull on n. vagi. Lies in the diencephalon in the region of tuber cinereum above tractus opticus and chiasma opticorum. Has a relation to a. facialis and n. Wrisbergi. Fibers from the anterior column of the fornix through striae medullares. Has a relation to habenula, with which it is connected via fasc. retroflexus Meynert'a. Relates to the posterior roots of the spinal cord. Upper ganglion of n. vagi. Connected with nn. vagus et sympathicus dext. Receives fibers from plexus cardiacus. Rami communicantes from nucl. sympathici in the spinal cord. Lies in plexus coeliacus. From the lumbosacral region of the sympath. boundary trunk. Lower ganglion of n. vagi. The "residual bundle" of tractus optici and part of the fibers of the optic nerve terminate in it. Intervertebral ganglia, Spinal cord. Gives rise to sensory fibers of n. trigemini. Trigeminus nervus. Gives rise to taste fibers passing in chorda tympani and in n. lingualis. Fasc. retroflexus Meynert'a, running to gangl. interpedunculare. Fasc. tegmental. gangl. interpeduncularis Ganser'a, running into the gray matter of the pons Varolii and into nucl. tegmenti dorsalis Gudden'a. Wrisberg's nerve, Taste (gustatory conduction pathways). Olfaction. Gives rise to sensory fibers. Intervertebral ganglia, Spinal cord. Gives vegetative fibers to the viscera and sensory fibers to the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea. Has a relation to the atrio-ventricular bundle of the heart. Vagus nervus. Keith-Flack node. Innervates the heart muscle. Heart. To the organs and vessels of the abdominal cavity and lesser pelvis and as part of the lumbar nerves to various peripheral tissues. Together with plexus coeliacus sends fibers to the organs of the abdominal cavity. Autonomic nervous system. To the organs of the lesser pelvis. Sends sensory fibers to nn. laryngeus sup., trachealis, in plex. pulmonalis. Fibers to the thalamus. Autonomic nervous system. Vagus nervus. Autonomic nervous system, Regio subthalamica. Name and synonyms. Location. Where it receives fibers from. Where it sends fibers to. In which article covered. Gangl. oticum (Arnoldi). Gangl. petrosum. Gangl. phrenicum. Gangl. plexiforme. Gangl. Remak'a. Gangl. renali-aorticum. Gangl. sacrale. Placed under foramen ovale on the medial side of the III branch of n. trigemini. From the III branch of n. trigemini and from the sympath. plexus. Placed in fossula petrosa directly under foramen jugulare. Unpaired ganglion, lies on the lower surface of the diaphragm near the upper end of the right adrenal. Lower ganglion of n. glosso-pharyngei. From plexus coeliacus. Sends sensory, motor, and vegetative fibers to the skin and muscles of the face via nn. auriculo-temporalis, tensor tympani, pterygoideus internus, tensor veli palatini, buccinatorius, and in chorda tympani. Trigeminus nervus. N. tympanicus for the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity and Eustachian tube. Takes part in the formation of plexus phrenicus around aa. phrenicae inferiores. Glosso-pharyngeus nervus. Diaphragm. See gangl. nodosum. Lies in sinus venosus of the heart. From plexus cardiacus. Lies on the upper and posterior section of a. hepatica. Sympath. ganglion of the sacral region of the boundary trunk; 3-4 in number located along the anterior surface of the sacrum, medially from its foramina. Lie in the depth of the internal acoustic meatus. Relates to plexus coeliacus. Rami communicantes from the spinal cord. Has a relation to n. acusticus. Innervates the heart muscle. Heart. Takes part in the formation of plexus around a. renalis. Sends fibers to the vessels and organs of the lesser pelvis and as part of the sacral roots to various tissues. Gives rise to radix vestibularis n. acustici. Autonomic nervous system. Vestibularis nervus. See gangl. Gasseri. See gangl. coeliacum. See gangl. intervertebrale. Lies in the labyrinth of the inner ear, at the base of laminae spiralis. Lies in fossa pterygopalatina. Has a relation to n. acusticus. Has a relation to the I branch of n. trigemini and to vegetative fibers from plexus caroticus. Gives rise to radix cochlearis n. acustici. Sends nn. nasales, orbitales et palatini, innervating the mucous membrane of the nose and oral cavity. Corti's organ, Labyrinth, Auditory conduction pathways. Trigeminus nervus. Lies on n. splanchnicus major near its entry into the diaphragm. Formed by the union of gangl. cervicalis inf. et gangl. dors. sup. of the sympath. boundary trunk, lies at the level of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae. Receives fibers from n. splanchnicus. Rami communicantes from nucl. sympat. lat. sup. of the spinal cord. Sends branches to plexus aorticus and to plexus coeliacus. Like gangl. cervicale inf., sends fibers to the vessels and organs in the cranial cavity, in the neck, and in the thoracic cavity. Autonomic nervous system. Name and synonyms. Location. Where it receives fibers from. Where it sends fibers to. In which article covered. Gangl. sublinguale. Lies under gangl. submaxillare, above glandula sublingualis. Gangl. submaxillare. Placed above the submandibular gland (gland. maxillare). In foramen jugulare of the skull. Receives fibers.

Supplies fibers from n. lingualis, gland. sublingualis. Receives fibers from n. lingualis and chorda tympani and from plexus a. maxillar. ext. Trigeminus nervus. Supplies fibers to gland. submaxillaris. Belongs to n. glosso-pharyngeus. Fibers take part in the formation of plexus pharyngei. Gangl. temporale (Scarpae). Gangl. thoracale, s. dorsale. Lies in plexus carot. ext. at the site of origin of a. auricularis post.

sup. from a. carotis externa i Sympat. ugel of the thoracic department of the truncus sympathicus in the amount of 11-12 is placed near the thoracic department of the spine, in front of the heads of the ribs Rami communicantes from nucl. sympat. lat. of the spinal cord. Participates in the formation of plexuses surrounding the arteries. Sends branches to plexus aorticus thoracalis, participates through nn. splanchnici in the formation of plexus coeliacicus, thus innervating internal organs. Vegetative nervous system Gangl. vestibulare s. Scarpae See gangl. Scarpae Gangl. Wrisbergi s. cardiacum See gangl. cardiacum