Josef Hyrtl

HYRTL, Joseph (Joseph Hyrtl, 1811–1894), a well-known anatomist. Studying medicine in Vienna, he stood out so much for his abilities and knowledge in anatomy that as early as 1833 he obtained a prosectorship at the university. In 1837 Hyrtl became a professor in Prague and in 1845 in Vienna. Two years later he became an academician; in 1874, due to rapidly failing eyesight, he left service but did not cease his scientific activity. For many years Hyrtl was the pride of the University of Vienna and the head of the largest school of anatomists. Being an outstanding researcher and a brilliant teacher, Hyrtl also became famous as an unusually skilled technician, especially in the production of injected preparations, mainly microscopic and corrosion preparations. His literary activity was also extensive: Hyrtl produced many works on zootomy and comparative anatomy. His well-known work Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen went through 20 editions from 1846 to 1889, 7 of which were published after he left his chair. The Russian translation of his manual was also widely distributed, having likewise gone through several editions (Rukovodstvo k opisatelnoy anatomii chelovecheskogo tela s ukazaniyem na fiziologicheskiye osnovaniya i prakticheskiye primeneniya yeye [Manual of Descriptive Anatomy of the Human Body with Indications of its Physiological Foundations and Practical Applications], St. Petersburg, 1878).

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It is also worth noting: Handbuch der topographischen Anatomie (Wien, 1865; Russian edition, St. Petersburg, 1868); Das Arabische und Hebraeische in der Anatomie (Wien, 1879); Onomatologia anatomica (Wien, 1880); Das Nierenbecken der Säugethiere und des Menschen (Wien, 1870); Die Corrosionsanatomie und ihre Ergebnisse (Wien, 1873); Handbuch d. praktischen Zergliederungskunst (Wien, 1860).