Charles Bouchard

BOUCHARD, Charles (Charles Jacques Bouchard, 1837–1915), a well-known French pathologist. He studied medicine in Lyon and Paris. In 1879 he obtained a professorship at the medical faculty, in 1886 he was elected a member of the Academy of Medicine, and in 1887 a member of the Academy of Sciences (taking the place of Paul Bert). Bouchard's scientific activity encompasses numerous branches of medicine—anatomy, physiology, physiological chemistry, and especially pathology, in which Bouchard's name is associated with the development of a number of important scientific questions. Thus, for example, Bouchard and his school devoted much effort to clarifying the origin of inflammatory hyperemia, which, in Bouchard's view, represents an active change in circulation under the influence of inflammatory agents that irritate the vasomotor system centrally or peripherally. Also associated with Bouchard's name is the original doctrine on the origin of a number of diseases caused by abnormal (slowed) metabolism (see Arthritism). Bouchard (together with Chauveau) founded the Journal de physiologie et de pathologie générale, and also published a major work on general pathology (1895–96), republished at the present time revised by numerous pupils and collaborators of Bouchard under the title: Nouveau traité de pathologie générale, P., 1914–16.